---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The capybara: the calmest animal, frie… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between capybaras and caimans? Exam question 1 of lesson 42 «The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questi
---

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# Exam question 1 · The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between capybaras and caimans?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** relationship

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 42 «The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/42-the-capybara/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between capybaras and caimans?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	capybaras	capybara	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	caimans	caiman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the relationship |  |  |  | of the following statements; between capybaras and caimans; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two frequently rest in proximity, yet caimans on occasion prey upon capybaras, chiefly the young

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:e1:o1:1
# text = The two frequently rest in proximity, yet caimans on occasion prey upon capybaras, chiefly the young
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nsubj	_	_
3	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	rest	rest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	proximity	proximity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	caimans	caiman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	capybaras	capybara	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | present | the two | caimans on occasion prey |  | proximity |  | upon capybaras; frequently *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in proximity=Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Capybaras habitually prey upon the eggs and young of caimans

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:e1:o2:1
# text = Capybaras habitually prey upon the eggs and young of caimans
1	Capybaras	capybara	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	habitually	habitually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	caimans	caiman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two species maintain a lasting friendship of mutual defence against the jaguar and the anaconda

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:e1:o3:1
# text = The two species maintain a lasting friendship of mutual defence against the jaguar and the anaconda
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	maintain	maintain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lasting	lasting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	mutual	mutual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	anaconda	anaconda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maintain** | present | the two species | a lasting friendship of mutual defence against the jaguar and the anaconda |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent friendship=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caimans subsist principally upon capybaras and consume them daily

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:e1:o4:1
# text = Caimans subsist principally upon capybaras and consume them daily
1	Caimans	caiman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subsist	subsist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	capybaras	capybara	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	consume	consume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	daily	daily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | Caimans |  |  |  |  | upon capybaras; principally *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **consume** | infinitive | Caimans *not said here* | Caimans *= caiman* |  |  |  | daily *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Asset |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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