---
title: «that croc's yawning at the capybara, it's being well rude» What is… — The capybara: the calmest animal, frie… · tree and pragmatics
description: «that croc's yawning at the capybara, it's being well rude» What is really going on? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 42 «The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«that croc's yawning at the capybara, it's being well rude» What is really going on?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** croc, it · **What happens:** yawn, be, go on · **To what, where:** capybara · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 42 «The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/42-the-capybara/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:t11:1
# text = «that croc's yawning at the capybara, it's being well rude» What is really going on?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	croc	croc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	yawning	yawn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	csubj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	capybara	capybara	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
14	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	really	really	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	ccomp	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **yawn** *in a quote* | present · progressive | that croc |  |  | the capybara |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | it |  |  |  |  | rude, well *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **go on** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is cooling off by letting heat out of its open mouth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:t11:o1:1
# text = It is cooling off by letting heat out of its open mouth
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	cooling	cool	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool off** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **let** | gerund |  | heat |  | heat's open mouth |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is tired after a long night of hunting fish in the dark river

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:t11:o2:1
# text = It is tired after a long night of hunting fish in the dark river
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  | night | tired *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is calling its babies over

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:t11:o3:1
# text = It is calling its babies over
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call over** *speech: assert* | present · progressive | It | its babies |  |  |  | over *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent baby=Recipient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is threatening the capybara

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:42-the-capybara:t11:o4:1
# text = It is threatening the capybara
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	threatening	threaten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	capybara	capybara	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **threaten** | present · progressive | It | the capybara |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus capybara=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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