---
title: A kangaroo and a platypus are both mammals. How are their babies dif… — The platypus and the echidna: mammals… · tree and pragmatics
description: A kangaroo and a platypus are both mammals. How are their babies different? Test 11 of lesson 43 «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 11 · The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kangaroo and a platypus are both mammals. How are their babies different?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** kangaroo, babies · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** both mammals

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 of lesson 43 «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A kangaroo and a platypus are both mammals.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:43-platypus-and-echidna:t11:1
# text = A kangaroo and a platypus are both mammals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	platypus	platypus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	both	both	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kangaroo and a platypus | both mammals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How are their babies different?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:43-platypus-and-echidna:t11:2
# text = How are their babies different?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | mammals's babies |  |  |  |  | different *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kangaroo lays eggs in a pouch, and a platypus has live babies in a burrow

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:43-platypus-and-echidna:t11:o1:1
# text = A kangaroo lays eggs in a pouch, and a platypus has live babies in a burrow
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lays	lay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pouch	pouch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	platypus	platypus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	burrow	burrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | a kangaroo | eggs |  | a pouch |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in pouch=Destination |
| 2 | **have** | present | a platypus | live babies |  | a burrow |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both give birth to big live babies

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:43-platypus-and-echidna:t11:o2:1
# text = Both give birth to big live babies
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Both | birth | big live babies |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both lay eggs in a pouch

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:43-platypus-and-echidna:t11:o3:1
# text = Both lay eggs in a pouch
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pouch	pouch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Both | eggs |  | a pouch |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in pouch=Destination |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kangaroo gives birth to a tiny live baby, a platypus lays eggs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:43-platypus-and-echidna:t11:o4:1
# text = A kangaroo gives birth to a tiny live baby, a platypus lays eggs
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	platypus	platypus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lays	lay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | a kangaroo | birth | a tiny live baby |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient |
| 2 | **lay** | present | a platypus | eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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