---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The axolotl, the tardigrade and the ma… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the axolotl? Exam question 1 of lesson 44 «The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Exam question 1 · The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the axolotl?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** axolotl

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 44 «The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the axolotl?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	axolotl	axolotl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the axolotl |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a fish which has learned to walk upon the bed of the lake

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp:e1:o1:1
# text = It is a fish which has learned to walk upon the bed of the lake
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a fish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | present · perfect | a fish |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **walk** | to-infinitive | a fish *not said here* |  |  | the bed of the lake |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon bed=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a salamander which retains its larval gills and remains wholly aquatic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp:e1:o2:1
# text = It is a salamander which retains its larval gills and remains wholly aquatic
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	retains	retain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	larval	larval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	9	conj	_	_
12	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	aquatic	aquatic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a salamander |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **retain** | present | a salamander | salamander's larval gills and remains |  |  |  | aquatic *obl* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a lizard which inhabits the deserts of Mexico

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp:e1:o3:1
# text = It is a lizard which inhabits the deserts of Mexico
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	inhabits	inhabit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	deserts	desert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a lizard |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **inhabit** | present | a lizard | the deserts of Mexico |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a salamander which loses its gills and lives upon land

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp:e1:o4:1
# text = It is a salamander which loses its gills and lives upon land
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a salamander |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | present | a salamander | salamander's gills |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Eventuality |
| 3 | **live** | present | a salamander *not said here* |  |  | land |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon land=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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