---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sc… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a scavenger? Exam question 1 of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 1 · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a scavenger?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** scavenger

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a scavenger?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	scavenger	scavenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a scavenger |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An animal which hunts and kills living prey exclusively, by day and by night

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e1:o1:1
# text = An animal which hunts and kills living prey exclusively, by day and by night
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hunts	hunt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
6	kills	kill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | a animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kill** | present | a animal | living prey |  |  | day | exclusively *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An organism which manufactures its own food from sunlight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e1:o2:1
# text = An organism which manufactures its own food from sunlight
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	organism	organism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	manufactures	manufacture	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **manufacture** | present | a organism | organism's own food |  | sunlight |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent food=Result from sunlight=Material |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An animal which subsists upon the bodies of animals already dead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e1:o3:1
# text = An animal which subsists upon the bodies of animals already dead
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	subsists	subsist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	already	already	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | a animal |  |  |  |  | upon the bodies of animals | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An animal which subsists exclusively upon plants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e1:o4:1
# text = An animal which subsists exclusively upon plants
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	subsists	subsist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | a animal |  |  |  |  | upon plants; exclusively *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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