---
title: Identify the principal advantage conferred upon prey animals by eyes… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal advantage conferred upon prey animals by eyes situated upon the sides of the head. Exam question 2 of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/e2/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/) / e2

# Exam question 2 · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal advantage conferred upon prey animals by eyes situated upon the sides of the head.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, confer, situate · **To what, where:** principal advantage, eyes, sides

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal advantage conferred upon prey animals by eyes situated upon the sides of the head.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	conferred	confer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	situated	situate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal advantage |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme |
| 2 | **confer** | participle |  | the principal advantage *not said here* |  |  |  | upon prey animals; by eyes | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **situate** | participle |  | eyes *not said here* |  | the sides of the head |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon side=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Improved vision in conditions of total darkness

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e2:o1:1
# text = Improved vision in conditions of total darkness
1	Improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **condition** |  |  | total darkness |  |  |  |  | nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Precise judgement of distance prior to a pounce

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e2:o2:1
# text = Precise judgement of distance prior to a pounce
1	Precise	precise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	judgement	judgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pounce	pounce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Protection of the eyes from the attacks of predators, which strike chiefly at the front

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e2:o3:1
# text = Protection of the eyes from the attacks of predators, which strike chiefly at the front
1	Protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	strike	strike	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | present | predators |  |  |  |  | at the front; chiefly *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at front=Patient |
| 2 | **protect** |  |  | the eyes from the attacks of predators |  |  |  |  | nom protection «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **attack** |  |  | predators |  |  |  |  | nom attack «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A field of vision almost all round, so that danger may be perceived from any side

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:e2:o4:1
# text = A field of vision almost all round, so that danger may be perceived from any side
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	14	mark	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | may · passive | a field of vision *not said here* | danger |  | any side |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/e1/)
- next →: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/)