---
title: In a cartoon the hyenas are lazy thieves who never hunt. What is the… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon the hyenas are lazy thieves who never hunt. What is the truth? Test 1 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice 
---

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# Test 1 · ★★ · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon the hyenas are lazy thieves who never hunt. What is the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** hyenas, lazy thieves, truth · **What happens:** be, not hunt · **To what, where:** lazy thieves, cartoon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon the hyenas are lazy thieves who never hunt.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t1:1
# text = In a cartoon the hyenas are lazy thieves who never hunt.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	lazy	lazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the hyenas | lazy thieves |  | a cartoon |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **hunt** | present | lazy thieves |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is the truth?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t1:2
# text = What is the truth?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the truth |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hyenas are a kind of wild dog that follows lions about and begs for leftovers

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t1:o1:1
# text = Hyenas are a kind of wild dog that follows lions about and begs for leftovers
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	begs	beg	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hyenas | a kind |  |  |  | of wild dog | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | present | that | lions |  |  |  | about *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Theme |
| 3 | **beg** *speech: request* | present | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for leftovers | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V PP.Topic»: agent=Agent for leftover=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hyenas only eat grass

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t1:o2:1
# text = Hyenas only eat grass
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Hyenas | grass |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hyenas never hunt anything

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t1:o3:1
# text = Hyenas never hunt anything
1	Hyenas	hyena	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hunt** | present | Hyenas | anything |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spotted hyenas hunt most of their own food, and lions often steal from them

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t1:o4:1
# text = Spotted hyenas hunt most of their own food, and lions often steal from them
1	Spotted	spot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	steal	steal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spot** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 2 | **hunt** | present | Spotted hyenas | most of hyenas's own food |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme |
| 3 | **steal** | present | lions |  |  |  |  | from hyenas *= hyena*; often *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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