---
title: «vultures are gross, would be better if they all died» What is the c… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven… · tree and pragmatics
description: «vultures are gross, would be better if they all died» What is the clever answer? Test 2 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Test 2 · ★★ · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«vultures are gross, would be better if they all died» What is the clever answer?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** vultures · **What happens:** be, die · **To what, where:** clever answer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/#t2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t2:1
# text = «vultures are gross, would be better if they all died» What is the clever answer?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	vultures	vulture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	gross	gross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
12	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
14	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | vultures |  |  |  |  | gross *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | would | vultures *not said here* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **die** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | past | vultures *= vulture* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  | the clever answer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vultures spread disease, so the fewer of them there are, the better

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t2:o1:1
# text = Vultures spread disease, so the fewer of them there are, the better
1	Vultures	vulture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	advcl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Vultures | disease |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location disease=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | present | Vultures *not said here* |  |  | there |  | of Vultures *= vulture* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without them carcasses rot and spread disease, as happened in India

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t2:o2:1
# text = Without them carcasses rot and spread disease, as happened in India
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
3	carcasses	carcass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rot	rot	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | present | carcasses |  |  |  |  | without them *= they* | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **spread** | present | carcasses *not said here* | disease |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location disease=Theme |
| 3 | **happen** | participle | carcasses *not said here* |  |  | India |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in india=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Right, other birds would just eat more fruit and seeds instead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t2:o3:1
# text = Right, other birds would just eat more fruit and seeds instead
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | would | other birds | more fruit and seeds |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Right, nothing would change

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t2:o4:1
# text = Right, nothing would change
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | would | nothing |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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