---
title: «the dog killed the opossum, it's lying there with its tongue out» W… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven… · tree and pragmatics
description: «the dog killed the opossum, it's lying there with its tongue out» What could be going on? Test 9 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Test 9 · ★★ · Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«the dog killed the opossum, it's lying there with its tongue out» What could be going on?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** dog · **What happens:** kill, lie out, go on · **To what, where:** opossum

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This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/#t9).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t9:1
# text = «the dog killed the opossum, it's lying there with its tongue out» What could be going on?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	opossum	opossum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
11	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
17	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	20	nsubj	_	_
18	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
20	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** *in a quote* | past | the dog | the opossum |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie out** *in a quote* | present · progressive | dog |  |  | there |  | with dog's tongue | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **go on** | could · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It may be playing dead and get up when the dog leaves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t9:o1:1
# text = It may be playing dead and get up when the dog leaves
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | may · progressive | It |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **get up** | infinitive |  | dog leaves |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is sleeping because it is tired

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t9:o2:1
# text = It is sleeping because it is tired
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is cooling down by panting with its tongue out, like a dog

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t9:o3:1
# text = It is cooling down by panting with its tongue out, like a dog
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	cooling	cool	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	panting	pant	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	out	out	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool down** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  | like a dog | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **pant** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with its tongue; out *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is definitely dead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers:t9:o4:1
# text = It is definitely dead
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	definitely	definitely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | dead, definitely *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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