---
title: Ascertain the manner in which the grasshopper attains its adult form. — Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, b… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the manner in which the grasshopper attains its adult form. Exam question 4 of lesson 48 «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the manner in which the grasshopper attains its adult form.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, grasshopper · **What happens:** ascertain, attain, form · **To what, where:** manner, adult form

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 48 «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the manner in which the grasshopper attains its adult form.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	grasshopper	grasshopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	attains	attain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the manner |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manner=Topic |
| 2 | **attain** | present | the grasshopper | grasshopper's adult form |  | the manner |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme |
| 3 | **form** |  | grasshopper |  |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the development of a tadpole into an adult upon land

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:e4:o1:1
# text = By the development of a tadpole into an adult upon land
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tadpole	tadpole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **develop** |  |  | a tadpole |  |  |  | into a adult upon land | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient into=obl |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By successive moults, the wingless nymph acquiring wings at the last

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:e4:o2:1
# text = By successive moults, the wingless nymph acquiring wings at the last
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	successive	successive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	moults	moult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wingless	wingless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	nymph	nymph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	acquiring	acquire	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acquire** | gerund | the wingless nymph *not said here* | wings |  | the last |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wing=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By hatching from its egg in its complete adult form, wings included

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:e4:o3:1
# text = By hatching from its egg in its complete adult form, wings included
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hatching	hatch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
8	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
13	included	include	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hatch** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | from its egg in egg's complete adult form | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from egg=Patient |
| 2 | **include** | participle |  | wings *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **form** |  | egg |  |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the formation of a chrysalis in which its body is rebuilt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:e4:o4:1
# text = By the formation of a chrysalis in which its body is rebuilt
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chrysalis	chrysalis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	rebuilt	rebuild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rebuild** | present · passive |  | chrysalis's body |  | a chrysalis |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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