---
title: «the polluted stream's fine for frogs, they breathe air» What is rig… — Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, b… · tree and pragmatics
description: «the polluted stream's fine for frogs, they breathe air» What is right? Test 10 of lesson 48 «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 10 · Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«the polluted stream's fine for frogs, they breathe air» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** polluted stream, frogs · **What happens:** pollute, be, breathe · **To what, where:** air

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 48 «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:t10:1
# text = «the polluted stream's fine for frogs, they breathe air» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	polluted	pollute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
14	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pollute** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the polluted stream |  |  |  |  | for frogs; fine *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **breathe** *in a quote* | present | frogs *= frog* | air |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Right, frogs only breathe through their lungs, so water can't hurt them

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:t10:o1:1
# text = Right, frogs only breathe through their lungs, so water can't hurt them
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | frogs |  |  | frogs's lungs |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **hurt** | can | water | frogs *= frog* |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs also breathe through their skin, so dirty water harms them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:t10:o2:1
# text = Frogs also breathe through their skin, so dirty water harms them
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | Frogs |  |  | Frogs's skin |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **harm** | present | dirty water | Frogs *= frog* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs only live in the sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:t10:o3:1
# text = Frogs only live in the sea
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Frogs |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Right, pollution makes frogs stronger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:48-life-cycles-metamorphosis:t10:o4:1
# text = Right, pollution makes frogs stronger
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | pollution | frogs |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset frog=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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