---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reproduction of the red kangaroo? Exam question 1 of lesson 49 «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Exam question 1 · Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reproduction of the red kangaroo?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** red kangaroo · **What happens:** follow, characteris, reproduce · **To what, where:** reproduction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 49 «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/49-babies/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reproduction of the red kangaroo?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the reproduction of the red kangaroo |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **reproduce** |  | the red kangaroo |  |  |  |  |  | nom reproduction «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young is hatched from an egg deposited within the pouch of the mother some weeks before

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e1:o1:1
# text = The young is hatched from an egg deposited within the pouch of the mother some weeks before
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	hatched	hatch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	deposited	deposit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	within	within	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pouch	pouch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	before	before	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hatch** | present · passive |  | the young |  |  | week | from a egg; before *property* | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: subject=Product from egg=Patient |
| 2 | **deposit** | participle |  | a egg *not said here* |  |  |  | within the pouch of the mother | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young is born at a size approaching that of the mother

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e1:o2:1
# text = The young is born at a size approaching that of the mother
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	that	that	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | the young |  | a size |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **approach** | gerund | a size *not said here* |  |  |  |  | that the mother | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young is reared by the father upon his feet

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e1:o3:1
# text = The young is reared by the father upon his feet
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	reared	rear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rear** | present · passive | the father upon his feet | the young |  |  |  |  | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young is born minute, after a brief period, and completes its growth in the pouch

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e1:o4:1
# text = The young is born minute, after a brief period, and completes its growth in the pouch
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	brief	brief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	completes	complete	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	pouch	pouch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | the young |  |  | after a brief period; minute |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **complete** | present |  | young's growth |  | the pouch |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growth=Eventuality |
| 3 | **grow** |  | young |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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