---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the chick of the cuckoo is f… — Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the chick of the cuckoo is fed by birds of another species. Exam question 2 of lesson 49 «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Exam question 2 · Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the chick of the cuckoo is fed by birds of another species.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, birds · **What happens:** identify, feed · **To what, where:** principal reason, chick

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 49 «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/49-babies/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the chick of the cuckoo is fed by birds of another species.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chick	chick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	fed	feed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
18	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **feed** | present · passive | birds of another species | the chick of the cuckoo |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its loud begging resembles the calls of a whole brood, so the foster parents work harder

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e2:o1:1
# text = Its loud begging resembles the calls of a whole brood, so the foster parents work harder
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	begging	begging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	resembles	resemble	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	calls	call	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	brood	brood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	foster	foster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	harder	hard	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	16	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resemble** | present | Its loud begging | the calls of a whole brood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | present | the foster parents |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **call** |  |  | a whole brood |  |  |  |  | nom call «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The foster parents recognise it as kin and choose to feed it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e2:o2:1
# text = The foster parents recognise it as kin and choose to feed it
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	foster	foster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	recognise	recognise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recognise** | present | the foster parents | it |  |  |  | as kin | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus as kin=Attribute |
| 2 | **choose** | infinitive | the foster parents *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feed** | to-infinitive | the foster parents *not said here* | kin |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cuckoo provides food to the foster parents in exchange

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e2:o3:1
# text = The cuckoo provides food to the foster parents in exchange
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	provides	provide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	foster	foster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	exchange	exchange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | present | the cuckoo | food | the foster parents | exchange |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent food=Theme to parent=Recipient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The foster parents are compelled to do so by the adult cuckoo, which watches over the nest

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:49-babies:e2:o4:1
# text = The foster parents are compelled to do so by the adult cuckoo, which watches over the nest
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	foster	foster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	compelled	compel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	watches	watch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compel** | present · passive |  | the foster parents |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | by the adult cuckoo | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **watch** | present | the adult cuckoo |  |  | the nest |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over nest=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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