---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — How animals talk · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the waggle dance of the honeybee? Exam question 1 of lesson 50 «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · How animals talk

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the waggle dance of the honeybee?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, dance · **To what, where:** waggle dance, honeybee

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 50 «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/50-how-animals-talk/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:50-how-animals-talk:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the waggle dance of the honeybee?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	waggle	waggle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	honeybee	honeybee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the waggle dance of the honeybee |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **dance** |  |  | the honeybee |  |  |  |  | nom dance «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It announces the death of the queen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:50-how-animals-talk:e1:o1:1
# text = It announces the death of the queen
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	announces	announce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **announce** *speech: other* | present | It | the death of the queen |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme death=Reflexive |
| 2 | **die** |  | the queen |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is performed exclusively in order to cool the hive in the heat of the summer months

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:50-how-animals-talk:e1:o2:1
# text = It is performed exclusively in order to cool the hive in the heat of the summer months
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hive	hive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perform** | present · passive |  | It |  | order |  | exclusively *property* | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **cool** | to-infinitive |  | the hive |  | the heat of the summer months |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hive=Patient |
| 3 | **heat** |  | the summer months |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It serves solely as a form of play among workers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:50-how-animals-talk:e1:o3:1
# text = It serves solely as a form of play among workers
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	among	among	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | It |  |  |  |  | as a form of play; among workers; solely *property* | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as form=Attribute |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | play |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the direction and length of the waggle run, it conveys the bearing and distance of food

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:50-how-animals-talk:e1:o4:1
# text = By the direction and length of the waggle run, it conveys the bearing and distance of food
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	waggle	waggle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	run	run	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	conveys	convey	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bearing	bearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **convey** | present | run | the bearing and distance of food |  |  |  | by the direction and length of the waggle run | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bearing=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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