---
title: Identify the principal purpose for which the chameleon is understood… — How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal purpose for which the chameleon is understood to alter its colouration. Exam question 1 of lesson 51 «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 1 · How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal purpose for which the chameleon is understood to alter its colouration.

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**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, understand, alter · **To what, where:** principal purpose, chameleon, colouration

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 51 «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/51-how-animals-hide/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal purpose for which the chameleon is understood to alter its colouration.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	alter	alter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	colouration	colouration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal purpose |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent purpose=Theme |
| 2 | **understand** | present · passive |  | the chameleon |  |  |  | for the principal purpose | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **alter** | to-infinitive |  | chameleon's colouration |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent colouration=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Social signalling and the regulation of body temperature

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:e1:o1:1
# text = Social signalling and the regulation of body temperature
1	Social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	signalling	signalling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	regulation	regulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **regulate** |  |  | body temperature |  |  |  |  | nom regulation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exact reproduction of patterns upon which it rests, for concealment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:e1:o2:1
# text = The exact reproduction of patterns upon which it rests, for concealment
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	rests	rest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	concealment	concealment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | present | it |  |  | patterns |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon which=Location |
| 2 | **reproduce** |  | patterns |  |  |  |  |  | nom reproduction «process intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The attraction of insects towards its tongue

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:e1:o3:1
# text = The attraction of insects towards its tongue
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	attraction	attraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attract** |  |  | insects |  |  |  | towards attraction's tongue | nom attraction «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient towards=obl |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The expulsion of surplus water from the skin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:e1:o4:1
# text = The expulsion of surplus water from the skin
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	surplus	surplus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expel** |  |  | surplus water |  | the skin |  |  | nom expulsion «act transitive»: of=patient from=place |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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