---
title: A zoo once found its polar bears had turned a bit green. What had ha… — How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry · tree and pragmatics
description: A zoo once found its polar bears had turned a bit green. What had happened? Test 5 of lesson 51 «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 5 · How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A zoo once found its polar bears had turned a bit green. What had happened?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** zoo, polar bears · **What happens:** find, turn, happen · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 51 «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/51-how-animals-hide/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A zoo once found its polar bears had turned a bit green.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:t5:1
# text = A zoo once found its polar bears had turned a bit green.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
12	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | a zoo |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | past · perfect | zoo's polar bears |  |  |  |  | green *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What had happened?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:t5:2
# text = What had happened?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The keepers had painted them green for a summer show

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:t5:o1:1
# text = The keepers had painted them green for a summer show
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	keepers	keeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past · perfect | the keepers | them *= they* |  |  |  | for a summer show; green *property* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent they=Result for show=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had eaten too much spinach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:t5:o2:1
# text = They had eaten too much spinach
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past · perfect | They | much spinach |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spinach=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their skin had turned green with cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:t5:o3:1
# text = Their skin had turned green with cold
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past · perfect · passive |  | Their skin |  |  |  | with cold; green *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tiny algae had grown inside their hollow hairs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:51-how-animals-hide:t5:o4:1
# text = Tiny algae had grown inside their hollow hairs
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	algae	alga	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past · perfect | Tiny algae |  |  | algae's hollow hairs |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside hair=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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