---
title: Identify the principal factor limiting the duration of the cheetah's… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal factor limiting the duration of the cheetah's maximal sprint. Exam question 1 of lesson 52 «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · How animals hunt

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal factor limiting the duration of the cheetah's maximal sprint.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, principal factor, cheetah · **What happens:** identify, limit, sprint · **To what, where:** principal factor, duration

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 52 «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal factor limiting the duration of the cheetah's maximal sprint.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	factor	factor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	limiting	limit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	duration	duration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cheetah	cheetah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	maximal	maximal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	sprint	sprint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal factor |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent factor=Theme |
| 2 | **limit** | gerund | the principal factor *not said here* | the duration of the cheetah's maximal sprint |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer duration=Patient |
| 3 | **sprint** |  | the cheetah |  |  |  |  |  | nom sprint «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The interference of the tail with the gait

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e1:o1:1
# text = The interference of the tail with the gait
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gait	gait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **interfere** |  | the tail |  |  |  |  | with the gait | nom interference «communication intransitive»: of=agent with=obl |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The legal protection afforded to its prey

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e1:o2:1
# text = The legal protection afforded to its prey
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	legal	legal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	afforded	afford	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afford** | participle |  | the legal protection *not said here* |  |  |  | to protection's prey | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Insufficient grip of the claws upon dry ground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e1:o3:1
# text = Insufficient grip of the claws upon dry ground
1	Insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	grip	grip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grip** |  |  | the claws upon dry ground |  |  |  |  | nom grip «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rapid overheating and exhaustion of the animal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e1:o4:1
# text = Rapid overheating and exhaustion of the animal
1	Rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	overheating	overheat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	exhaustion	exhaustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overheat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **exhaust** |  |  | the animal |  |  |  |  | nom exhaustion «state transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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