---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the division of hunting within a lion pride? Exam question 2 of lesson 52 «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was w
---

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# Exam question 2 · How animals hunt

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the division of hunting within a lion pride?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** division · **What happens:** follow, characteris, hunt · **To what, where:** division

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 52 «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the division of hunting within a lion pride?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	division	division	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	within	within	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the division |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hunt** | gerund | the division *not said here* |  |  |  |  | within a lion pride | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lionesses undertake most of the hunting, often in cooperation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e2:o1:1
# text = The lionesses undertake most of the hunting, often in cooperation
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lionesses	lioness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	undertake	undertake	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undertake** | present | the lionesses | most of the hunting |  | cooperation |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunting is undertaken exclusively by the cubs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e2:o2:1
# text = Hunting is undertaken exclusively by the cubs
1	Hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	undertaken	undertake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undertake** | present · passive | the cubs | Hunting |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lions procure food solely within dense jungle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e2:o3:1
# text = Lions procure food solely within dense jungle
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	procure	procure	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **procure** | present | Lions | food |  |  |  | within dense jungle; solely *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dominant male conducts all hunting unaccompanied, chiefly at night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:52-how-animals-hunt:e2:o4:1
# text = The dominant male conducts all hunting unaccompanied, chiefly at night
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dominant	dominant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	conducts	conduct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	unaccompanied	unaccompanied	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	chiefly	chiefly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conduct** | present | the dominant male |  |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund | the dominant male *not said here* |  |  |  | night | all, unaccompanied *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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