---
title: It is given that the young cuckoo undertakes its first migration una… — Migration: the great journeys · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that the young cuckoo undertakes its first migration unaccompanied. Ascertain the conclusion that follows. Exam question 4 of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opti
---

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# Exam question 4 · Migration: the great journeys

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that the young cuckoo undertakes its first migration unaccompanied. Ascertain the conclusion that follows.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** young cuckoo, cuckoo, you, conclusion · **What happens:** give, undertake, migrate, ascertain, follow · **To what, where:** It, first migration, conclusion

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that the young cuckoo undertakes its first migration unaccompanied.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:e4:1
# text = It is given that the young cuckoo undertakes its first migration unaccompanied.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	undertakes	undertake	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
11	migration	migration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	unaccompanied	unaccompanied	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **undertake** | present | the young cuckoo | cuckoo's first migration |  |  |  | unaccompanied *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent migration=Eventuality |
| 3 | **migrate** |  | cuckoo |  |  |  |  |  | nom migration «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the conclusion that follows.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:e4:2
# text = Ascertain the conclusion that follows.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the conclusion |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conclusion=Topic |
| 2 | **follow** | present | the conclusion |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The route is taught by the foster parents

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:e4:o1:1
# text = The route is taught by the foster parents
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	foster	foster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present · passive | the foster parents | the route |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young cuckoo does not in fact migrate

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:e4:o2:1
# text = The young cuckoo does not in fact migrate
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
8	migrate	migrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | the young cuckoo |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **migrate** | present | the young cuckoo *not said here* |  |  | fact |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knowledge of the route must be inborn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:e4:o3:1
# text = Knowledge of the route must be inborn
1	Knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | must | Knowledge of the route |  |  |  |  | inborn *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The route is learned by following swallows

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:e4:o4:1
# text = The route is learned by following swallows
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	swallows	swallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · passive |  | the route |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  | swallows |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swallow=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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