---
title: Grandad says swallows hide in the mud at the bottom of ponds over wi… — Migration: the great journeys · tree and pragmatics
description: Grandad says swallows hide in the mud at the bottom of ponds over winter. Right? Test 2 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 2 · ★★ · Migration: the great journeys

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad says swallows hide in the mud at the bottom of ponds over winter. Right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Grandad, swallows · **What happens:** say, hide · **To what, where:** mud · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Grandad says swallows hide in the mud at the bottom of ponds over winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t2:1
# text = Grandad says swallows hide in the mud at the bottom of ponds over winter.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	swallows	swallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hide	hide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hide** | present | swallows |  |  | the mud | winter | at the bottom of ponds | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in mud=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t2:2
# text = Right?
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, that old myth was cleared up by ringing: they fly to Africa

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t2:o1:1
# text = No, that old myth was cleared up by ringing: they fly to Africa
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	myth	myth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	cleared	clear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	ringing	ring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clear up** | past · passive |  | that old myth |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source |
| 2 | **ring** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fly** | present | they |  | Africa |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, they sleep in barns all winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t2:o2:1
# text = No, they sleep in barns all winter
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	barns	barn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | they |  |  | barns | winter |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in barn=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only the young ones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t2:o3:1
# text = Yes, but only the young ones
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they breathe through their feathers in the mud until spring comes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t2:o4:1
# text = Yes, they breathe through their feathers in the mud until spring comes
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | they |  |  | their feathers |  | in the mud | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | present | spring |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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