---
title: A monarch flies to a Mexican forest where it has never been. How can… — Migration: the great journeys · tree and pragmatics
description: A monarch flies to a Mexican forest where it has never been. How can that be? Test 6 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 6 · ★★ · Migration: the great journeys

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A monarch flies to a Mexican forest where it has never been. How can that be?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** monarch, that · **What happens:** fly, have, not be, be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A monarch flies to a Mexican forest where it has never been.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t6:1
# text = A monarch flies to a Mexican forest where it has never been.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monarch	monarch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Mexican	Mexican	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | a monarch |  |  |  |  | to a Mexican forest *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to forest=Result |
| 2 | **have** | present | monarch |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **be** | participle | monarch *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How can that be?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t6:2
# text = How can that be?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **can** | can | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It follows the smell of chocolate

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t6:o1:1
# text = It follows the smell of chocolate
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | It | the smell of chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smell=Theme |
| 2 | **smell** |  | chocolate |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The route is passed on by inheritance, not taught

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t6:o2:1
# text = The route is passed on by inheritance, not taught
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass on** | present · passive | inheritance | the route |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **teach** *speech: other* | participle | inheritance *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the same butterfly that came last year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t6:o3:1
# text = It is the same butterfly that came last year
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | the same butterfly |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | the same butterfly |  |  |  | year |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its grandmother told it the way before she died

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:54-migration-the-great-journeys:t6:o4:1
# text = Its grandmother told it the way before she died
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Its grandmother | the way | it |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient way=Topic |
| 2 | **die** | past | grandmother |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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