---
title: Identify the principal physiological change observed in the hedgehog… — Sleep and hibernation · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal physiological change observed in the hedgehog during hibernation. Exam question 1 of lesson 55 «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Sleep and hibernation

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal physiological change observed in the hedgehog during hibernation.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, observe · **To what, where:** principal physiological change

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 55 «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:55-sleep-and-hibernation:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal physiological change observed in the hedgehog during hibernation.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	physiological	physiological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	during	during	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hibernation	hibernation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal physiological change |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent change=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | participle |  | the principal physiological change *not said here* |  |  | during hibernation | in the hedgehog | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An increase in heart rate to generate heat against the cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:55-sleep-and-hibernation:e1:o1:1
# text = An increase in heart rate to generate heat against the cold
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	generate	generate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
8	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **generate** | to-infinitive |  | heat |  |  |  | against the cold | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The growth of a thicker coat of spines

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:55-sleep-and-hibernation:e1:o2:1
# text = The growth of a thicker coat of spines
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	thicker	thick	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	spines	spine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** |  | a thicker coat of spines |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cessation of all cardiac activity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:55-sleep-and-hibernation:e1:o3:1
# text = A cessation of all cardiac activity
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cessation	cessation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	cardiac	cardiac	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** |  |  | all cardiac activity |  |  |  |  | nom cessation «event transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A marked reduction in heart rate and body temperature

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:55-sleep-and-hibernation:e1:o4:1
# text = A marked reduction in heart rate and body temperature
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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