---
title: Identify the means by which the seed of the dandelion is dispersed. — Seeds and fruit and how they travel · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the means by which the seed of the dandelion is dispersed. Exam question 1 of lesson 59 «Seeds and fruit and how they travel» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Seeds and fruit and how they travel

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the means by which the seed of the dandelion is dispersed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, the · **What happens:** identify, mean, disperse · **To what, where:** seed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 59 «Seeds and fruit and how they travel» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel:e1:1
# text = Identify the means by which the seed of the dandelion is dispersed.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dandelion	dandelion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	dispersed	disperse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **disperse** | present · passive |  | the seed of the dandelion |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By wind, the descent being slowed by a parachute of fine hairs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel:e1:o1:1
# text = By wind, the descent being slowed by a parachute of fine hairs
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	descent	descent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	slowed	slow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	parachute	parachute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slow** | gerund · passive | wind | the descent |  |  |  | by a parachute of fine hairs | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the adherence of small hooks to the fur of passing animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel:e1:o2:1
# text = By the adherence of small hooks to the fur of passing animals
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adherence	adherence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hooks	hook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By water, the seed being buoyant

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel:e1:o3:1
# text = By water, the seed being buoyant
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	buoyant	buoyant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | the seed |  |  |  |  | by water; buoyant *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By explosive rupture of a pod

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel:e1:o4:1
# text = By explosive rupture of a pod
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	explosive	explosive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rupture	rupture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pod	pod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rupture** |  |  | a pod |  |  |  |  | nom rupture «state transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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