---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the skin and fur of the polar bear? Exam question 1 of lesson 6 «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Exam question 1 · The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the skin and fur of the polar bear?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** skin

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 6 «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/6-the-arctic/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:6-the-arctic:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the skin and fur of the polar bear?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the skin and fur of the polar bear |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The skin of the polar bear is pink and its hairs are white

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:6-the-arctic:e1:o1:1
# text = The skin of the polar bear is pink and its hairs are white
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the skin of the polar bear |  |  |  |  | pink *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | skin's hairs |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The skin and the hairs of the polar bear are alike white, the animal being white throughout

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:6-the-arctic:e1:o2:1
# text = The skin and the hairs of the polar bear are alike white, the animal being white throughout
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	alike	alike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	cop	_	_
17	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
18	throughout	throughout	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the skin and the hairs of the polar bear |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | the animal |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The skin of the polar bear is black, whereas its hairs are translucent and merely appear white by the scattering of light

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:6-the-arctic:e1:o3:1
# text = The skin of the polar bear is black, whereas its hairs are translucent and merely appear white by the scattering of light
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	translucent	translucent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	merely	merely	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	appear	appear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
18	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	scattering	scattering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the skin of the polar bear |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | skin's hairs |  |  |  |  | translucent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **appear** | present | the skin of the polar bear *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the scattering of light; merely, white *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by scattering=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The polar bear possesses no fur whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:6-the-arctic:e1:o4:1
# text = The polar bear possesses no fur whatsoever
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | the polar bear | no fur |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fur=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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