---
title: Identify the information most reliably conveyed by the annual rings… — Trees · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the information most reliably conveyed by the annual rings of a tree. Exam question 1 of lesson 60 «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Trees

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the information most reliably conveyed by the annual rings of a tree.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, convey · **To what, where:** information

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 60 «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/60-trees/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:60-trees:e1:1
# text = Identify the information most reliably conveyed by the annual rings of a tree.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	reliably	reliably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	conveyed	convey	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the information |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent information=Theme |
| 2 | **convey** | participle |  | the information *not said here* |  |  |  | by the annual rings of a tree; reliably *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The age of the tree and the character of each growing season

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:60-trees:e1:o1:1
# text = The age of the tree and the character of each growing season
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The height to which the tree will ultimately grow in its lifetime

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:60-trees:e1:o2:1
# text = The height to which the tree will ultimately grow in its lifetime
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	ultimately	ultimately	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | future | the tree |  |  | tree's lifetime |  | to the height; ultimately *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lifetime=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The quantity of water presently stored in the trunk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:60-trees:e1:o3:1
# text = The quantity of water presently stored in the trunk
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	presently	presently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | participle · passive |  | the quantity of water |  | the trunk |  | presently *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in trunk=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The number of animals inhabiting the tree

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:60-trees:e1:o4:1
# text = The number of animals inhabiting the tree
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	inhabiting	inhabit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | gerund | animals *not said here* | the tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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