---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Raff… — Carnivorous and strange plants · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Rafflesia arnoldii? Exam question 3 of lesson 61 «Carnivorous and strange plants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Carnivorous and strange plants

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Rafflesia arnoldii?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** Rafflesia arnoldii

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This is exam question 3 of lesson 61 «Carnivorous and strange plants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Rafflesia arnoldii?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Rafflesia	Rafflesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	arnoldii	arnoldii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | Rafflesia arnoldii |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A parasite bearing the largest single flower, without leaves, stem or roots

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e3:o1:1
# text = A parasite bearing the largest single flower, without leaves, stem or roots
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	parasite	parasite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	bearing	bear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	stem	stem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | gerund | a parasite *not said here* | the largest single flower |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A desert plant possessing two perpetual leaves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e3:o2:1
# text = A desert plant possessing two perpetual leaves
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	desert	desert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	possessing	possess	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | gerund | a desert plant *not said here* | two perpetual leaves |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot leaf=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pond plant equipped with underwater bladders

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e3:o3:1
# text = A pond plant equipped with underwater bladders
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	equipped	equip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	underwater	underwater	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bladders	bladder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **equip** | past | a pond plant |  |  |  |  | with underwater bladders | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent with bladder=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A carnivorous plant that captures small mammals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e3:o4:1
# text = A carnivorous plant that captures small mammals
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	carnivorous	carnivorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	captures	capture	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capture** | present | a carnivorous plant | small mammals |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mammal=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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