---
title: It is asserted that certain plants of tropical forests are capable o… — Carnivorous and strange plants · tree and pragmatics
description: It is asserted that certain plants of tropical forests are capable of consuming a human being. Ascertain the correct position. Exam question 4 of lesson 61 «Carnivorous and strange plants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Carnivorous and strange plants

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is asserted that certain plants of tropical forests are capable of consuming a human being. Ascertain the correct position.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** certain plants, you · **What happens:** assert, be, consume, ascertain · **To what, where:** It, a, correct position

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 61 «Carnivorous and strange plants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is asserted that certain plants of tropical forests are capable of consuming a human being.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e4:1
# text = It is asserted that certain plants of tropical forests are capable of consuming a human being.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	asserted	assert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
5	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	capable	capable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	consuming	consume	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	obj	_	_
15	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
16	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assert** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | certain plants of tropical forests |  |  |  |  | capable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **consume** | gerund · progressive | certain plants of tropical forests *not said here* | a |  |  |  | human *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent a=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the correct position.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e4:2
# text = Ascertain the correct position.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the correct position |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion is false; the largest such plants seldom take prey above a mouse

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e4:o1:1
# text = The assertion is false; the largest such plants seldom take prey above a mouse
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	seldom	seldom	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	above	above	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | false *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present | the largest such plants | prey |  |  |  | above a mouse; seldom *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion is true of the titan arum

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e4:o2:1
# text = The assertion is true of the titan arum
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	titan	titan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	arum	arum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | of the titan arum; true *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion is true when the plant is mature

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e4:o3:1
# text = The assertion is true when the plant is mature
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	mature	mature	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the plant |  |  |  |  | mature *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion is true of plants in Madagascar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants:e4:o4:1
# text = The assertion is true of plants in Madagascar
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Madagascar	Madagascar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | of plants in Madagascar; true *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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