---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the organisms known as fungi? Exam question 1 of lesson 62 «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 1 · Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the organisms known as fungi?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, know · **To what, where:** organisms

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 62 «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the organisms known as fungi?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	organisms	organism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the organisms |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | participle |  | the organisms *not said here* |  |  |  | as fungi | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as fungus=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are microscopic animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:e1:o1:1
# text = They are microscopic animals
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	microscopic	microscopic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | microscopic animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They manufacture food from sunlight by means of a green pigment in the cap

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:e1:o2:1
# text = They manufacture food from sunlight by means of a green pigment in the cap
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	manufacture	manufacture	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	pigment	pigment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **manufacture** | present | They | food |  | sunlight |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent food=Result from sunlight=Material |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of a green pigment in the cap | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They constitute a separate kingdom and obtain food by absorption

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:e1:o3:1
# text = They constitute a separate kingdom and obtain food by absorption
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitute	constitute	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	obtain	obtain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	absorption	absorption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | They | a separate kingdom |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kingdom=Pivot |
| 2 | **obtain** | present | They *not said here* | food |  |  |  | by absorption | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are green plants deficient in leaves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:e1:o4:1
# text = They are green plants deficient in leaves
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	deficient	deficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  | leaves |  | deficient *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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