---
title: My sister says mushrooms are just plants without leaves. Right? — Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast · tree and pragmatics
description: My sister says mushrooms are just plants without leaves. Right? Test 1 of lesson 62 «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 1 · Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sister says mushrooms are just plants without leaves. Right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** sister, mushrooms · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** plants · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 62 «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* My sister says mushrooms are just plants without leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:t1:1
# text = My sister says mushrooms are just plants without leaves.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	ccomp	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | My sister |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | mushrooms | plants |  |  |  | without leaves | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:t1:2
# text = Right?
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they are baby trees

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:t1:o1:1
# text = Yes, they are baby trees
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | they | baby trees |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, fungi are their own kingdom and can't make food from sunlight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:t1:o2:1
# text = No, fungi are their own kingdom and can't make food from sunlight
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | fungi | fungi's own kingdom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **make** | can | fungi *not said here* | food |  | sunlight |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, they are animals that stay still

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:t1:o3:1
# text = No, they are animals that stay still
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | they | animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** | present | animals |  |  |  | still |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they are plants that lost their leaves long ago and now grow in the dark

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, they are plants that lost their leaves long ago and now grow in the dark
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
11	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
14	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | they | plants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | past | plants | plants's leaves |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Eventuality |
| 3 | **grow** | present | plants *not said here* |  |  | the dark | now |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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