---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine? Exam question 2 of lesson 63 «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mov
---

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# Exam question 2 · Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** vaccine · **What happens:** follow, characteris, act · **To what, where:** mode

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 63 «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the mode of action of a vaccine |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **act** |  | a vaccine |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It destroys all microorganisms within the body, both harmful and benign

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:e2:o1:1
# text = It destroys all microorganisms within the body, both harmful and benign
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	destroys	destroy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	microorganisms	microorganism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc:preconj	_	_
10	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	benign	benign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | present | It | all microorganisms |  |  |  | within the body | vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument microorganism=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It raises the body's temperature permanently

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:e2:o2:1
# text = It raises the body's temperature permanently
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	raises	raise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | present | It | the body's temperature |  |  |  | permanently *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It exposes the immune system to a harmless form or part of a pathogen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:e2:o3:1
# text = It exposes the immune system to a harmless form or part of a pathogen
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exposes	expose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	immune	immune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	pathogen	pathogen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expose** | present | It | the immune system | a harmless form or part of a pathogen |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent system=Theme to form=Recipient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It replaces the immune system entirely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:e2:o4:1
# text = It replaces the immune system entirely
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	replaces	replace	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	immune	immune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | present | It | the immune system |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme system=Co-Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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