---
title: A friend sneezes into his hand, then grabs the door handle. What has… — Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a… · tree and pragmatics
description: A friend sneezes into his hand, then grabs the door handle. What has probably happened? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 63 «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Test 7 · ★★ · Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A friend sneezes into his hand, then grabs the door handle. What has probably happened?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** friend · **What happens:** sneeze, grab, happen · **To what, where:** hand, door handle

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 63 «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A friend sneezes into his hand, then grabs the door handle.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:t7:1
# text = A friend sneezes into his hand, then grabs the door handle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sneezes	sneeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
9	grabs	grab	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sneeze** | present | a friend |  |  | friend's hand |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **grab** | present | a friend *not said here* | the door handle |  |  | then |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handle=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What has probably happened?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:t7:2
# text = What has probably happened?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | probably *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold viruses may now be on the handle for the next person

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:t7:o1:1
# text = Cold viruses may now be on the handle for the next person
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | may | Cold viruses |  |  | the handle | now | for the next person | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The viruses died as soon as they left his nose

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:t7:o2:1
# text = The viruses died as soon as they left his nose
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | the viruses |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **leave** | past | viruses *= virus* | his nose |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, colds only spread through cold winter air, not on hands

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:t7:o3:1
# text = Nothing, colds only spread through cold winter air, not on hands
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Nothing colds |  |  | cold winter air |  | on hands | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through air=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The handle has made the viruses stronger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses:t7:o4:1
# text = The handle has made the viruses stronger
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | the handle |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary virus=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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