---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the skeleton of an infant co… — Cells, bones and muscles · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the skeleton of an infant comprises a greater number of bones than that of an adult. Exam question 1 of lesson 64 «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 1 · Cells, bones and muscles

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the skeleton of an infant comprises a greater number of bones than that of an adult.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, skeleton · **What happens:** identify, comprise · **To what, where:** principal reason, greater number

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 64 «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:64-cells-bones-and-muscles:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the skeleton of an infant comprises a greater number of bones than that of an adult.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	infant	infant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	comprises	comprise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **comprise** | present | the skeleton of a infant | a greater number of bones than that |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme number=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certain bones fuse together in the course of growth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:64-cells-bones-and-muscles:e1:o1:1
# text = Certain bones fuse together in the course of growth
1	Certain	certain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fuse	fuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fuse** | present | Certain bones |  |  | the course of growth |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Infants possess additional temporary bones that are shed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:64-cells-bones-and-muscles:e1:o2:1
# text = Infants possess additional temporary bones that are shed
1	Infants	infant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	temporary	temporary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	shed	shed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Infants | additional temporary bones |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme |
| 2 | **shed** | present · passive |  | additional temporary bones |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adults lose bones through injury

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:64-cells-bones-and-muscles:e1:o3:1
# text = Adults lose bones through injury
1	Adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Adults | bones |  | injury |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bones of adults are absorbed into muscle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:64-cells-bones-and-muscles:e1:o4:1
# text = The bones of adults are absorbed into muscle
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	absorbed	absorb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | present · passive |  | the bones of adults |  | muscle |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Cells, bones and muscles, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/t11/)
- next →: [Cells, bones and muscles, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Cells, bones and muscles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/)