---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The heart and blood · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the colour of human blood within the veins? Exam question 2 of lesson 65 «The heart and blood» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 2 · The heart and blood

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the colour of human blood within the veins?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** colour

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 65 «The heart and blood» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/65-the-heart-and-blood/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:65-the-heart-and-blood:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the colour of human blood within the veins?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	within	within	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	veins	vein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the colour of human blood |  |  |  | of the following statements; within the veins; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is colourless until oxygenated

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:65-the-heart-and-blood:e2:o1:1
# text = It is colourless until oxygenated
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	oxygenated	oxygenate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | colourless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **oxygenate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is blue until exposed to air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:65-the-heart-and-blood:e2:o2:1
# text = It is blue until exposed to air
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	exposed	expose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | blue *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **expose** | participle |  |  | air |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to air=Recipient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is dark red, its apparent blueness arising from the optics of the skin

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:65-the-heart-and-blood:e2:o3:1
# text = It is dark red, its apparent blueness arising from the optics of the skin
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	apparent	apparent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	blueness	blueness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	arising	arise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	optics	optic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **arise** | gerund | its apparent blueness *not said here* |  |  | the optics of the skin |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is green owing to its iron content

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:65-the-heart-and-blood:e2:o4:1
# text = It is green owing to its iron content
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	content	content	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | green *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **owe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to its iron content *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to content=Goal |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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