---
title: It is given that a person has engaged in vigorous running. Ascertain… — Lungs and breathing · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a person has engaged in vigorous running. Ascertain the principal stimulus for the consequent increase in rate of breathing. Exam question 3 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and
---

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# Exam question 3 · Lungs and breathing

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a person has engaged in vigorous running. Ascertain the principal stimulus for the consequent increase in rate of breathing.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** give, engage, ascertain · **To what, where:** It, person, vigorous running, principal stimulus

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a person has engaged in vigorous running.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e3:1
# text = It is given that a person has engaged in vigorous running.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	engaged	engage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	running	running	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **engage** | present · perfect · passive |  | a person |  |  |  | in vigorous running *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme in running=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the principal stimulus for the consequent increase in rate of breathing.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e3:2
# text = Ascertain the principal stimulus for the consequent increase in rate of breathing.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stimulus	stimulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	consequent	consequent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	breathing	breathing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal stimulus |  |  |  | for the consequent increase in rate of breathing | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition stimulus=Theme for increase=Beneficiary |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reduction in the size of the lungs during exertion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e3:o1:1
# text = A reduction in the size of the lungs during exertion
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cooling of the blood by the evaporation of sweat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e3:o2:1
# text = The cooling of the blood by the evaporation of sweat
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cooling	cooling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** |  | the evaporation of sweat | the blood |  |  |  |  | nom cooling «process transitive»: of=patient by=agent |
| 2 | **evaporate** |  |  | sweat |  |  |  |  | nom evaporation «process transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rise in carbon dioxide detected by the brain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e3:o3:1
# text = A rise in carbon dioxide detected by the brain
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	detected	detect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **detect** | participle |  | a rise in carbon dioxide *not said here* |  |  |  | by the brain | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The obstruction of the nasal passages by mucus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e3:o4:1
# text = The obstruction of the nasal passages by mucus
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	obstruction	obstruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	nasal	nasal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	passages	passage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mucus	mucus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** |  | mucus |  |  |  |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: by=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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