---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Lungs and breathing · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the respiration of whales. Exam question 4 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Lungs and breathing

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the respiration of whales.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, established facts, whales · **What happens:** select, establish, concern, respire · **To what, where:** response, respiration

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e4:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the respiration of whales.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the respiration of whales |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus respiration=Experiencer |
| 4 | **respire** |  | whales |  |  |  |  |  | nom respiration «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whales extract oxygen from sea water by means of gills

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e4:o1:1
# text = Whales extract oxygen from sea water by means of gills
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	extract	extract	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extract** | present | Whales | oxygen |  | sea water |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme from water=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of gills | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whales respire through the skin alone while submerged

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e4:o2:1
# text = Whales respire through the skin alone while submerged
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	respire	respire	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	submerged	submerge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **respire** | present | Whales |  |  | the skin |  | alone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **submerge** | participle | Whales *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whales do not require oxygen at any point in their lives

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e4:o3:1
# text = Whales do not require oxygen at any point in their lives
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	require	require	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **require** | present · do-support | Whales | oxygen |  | any point |  | in Whales's lives | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme oxygen=Precondition |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whales breathe air by means of lungs through a blowhole

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:e4:o4:1
# text = Whales breathe air by means of lungs through a blowhole
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | Whales | air |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | a blowhole |  | of lungs | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Lungs and breathing, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/e3/)
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