---
title: Why is the inside of the lungs made of millions of tiny sacs instead… — Lungs and breathing · tree and pragmatics
description: Why is the inside of the lungs made of millions of tiny sacs instead of one big bag? Test 11 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · Lungs and breathing

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why is the inside of the lungs made of millions of tiny sacs instead of one big bag?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** be, make · **To what, where:** inside, lungs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t11:1
# text = Why is the inside of the lungs made of millions of tiny sacs instead of one big bag?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	inside	inside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	sacs	sac	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the inside |  |  |  | of the lungs | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the lungs *not said here* |  |  |  | of millions of tiny sacs; instead one big bag | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tiny sacs make the voice louder when you shout or sing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t11:o1:1
# text = Tiny sacs make the voice louder when you shout or sing
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sacs	sac	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shout	shout	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Tiny sacs | the voice |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset voice=Product |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tiny sacs are much lighter for the body to carry around all day long

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t11:o2:1
# text = Tiny sacs are much lighter for the body to carry around all day long
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sacs	sac	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
11	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Tiny sacs |  |  |  |  | for the body; light *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | to-infinitive | Tiny sacs *not said here* |  |  |  | day | long *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many tiny sacs give a huge surface for oxygen to pass into blood

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t11:o3:1
# text = Many tiny sacs give a huge surface for oxygen to pass into blood
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sacs	sac	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Many tiny sacs | a huge surface |  |  |  | for oxygen | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent surface=Theme for oxygen=Asset |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | Many tiny sacs *not said here* |  |  | blood |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into blood=Initial\_Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One big bag would get far too cold in the winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t11:o4:1
# text = One big bag would get far too cold in the winter
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | would | One big bag |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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