---
title: My brother says whales are fish because they live in the sea. Right? — Lungs and breathing · tree and pragmatics
description: My brother says whales are fish because they live in the sea. Right? Test 3 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 3 · Lungs and breathing

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother says whales are fish because they live in the sea. Right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** brother, whales · **What happens:** say, be, live · **To what, where:** fish, sea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* My brother says whales are fish because they live in the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t3:1
# text = My brother says whales are fish because they live in the sea.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	ccomp	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | My brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | whales | fish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | present | whales *= whale* |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t3:2
# text = Right?
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, whales are really a kind of giant shark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t3:o1:1
# text = No, whales are really a kind of giant shark
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | whales | a kind |  |  |  | of giant shark | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they have gills hidden just under the blowhole

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t3:o2:1
# text = Yes, they have gills hidden just under the blowhole
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | they | gills |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Patient |
| 2 | **hide** | participle |  | gills *not said here* |  | the blowhole |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under blowhole=Location |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, whales breathe air with lungs through a blowhole

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t3:o3:1
# text = No, whales breathe air with lungs through a blowhole
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | whales | air |  | a blowhole |  | with lungs | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, the blow is the water coming out of their gills

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:66-lungs-and-breathing:t3:o4:1
# text = Yes, the blow is the water coming out of their gills
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the blow | the water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come out** | gerund | the water *not said here* | their gills |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient gill=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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