---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Digestion: the journey of a sandwich · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the passage of food along the oesophagus? Exam question 2 of lesson 67 «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Exam question 2 · Digestion: the journey of a sandwich

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the passage of food along the oesophagus?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** food · **What happens:** follow, characteris, pass · **To what, where:** passage

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 67 «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the passage of food along the oesophagus?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	along	along	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	oesophagus	oesophagus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the passage of food |  |  |  | of the following statements; along the oesophagus; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **pass** |  | food |  |  |  |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It descends solely under the influence of gravity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e2:o1:1
# text = It descends solely under the influence of gravity
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	descends	descend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present | It |  |  | the influence of gravity |  | solely *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is conveyed downward by repeated movements of the epiglottis

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e2:o2:1
# text = It is conveyed downward by repeated movements of the epiglottis
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	conveyed	convey	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	downward	downward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	movements	movement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	epiglottis	epiglottis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **convey** | present · passive | repeated movements of the epiglottis | It |  |  |  | downward *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
| 2 | **repeat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **move** |  |  | the epiglottis |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is propelled by waves of muscular contraction

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e2:o3:1
# text = It is propelled by waves of muscular contraction
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	propelled	propel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	muscular	muscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	contraction	contraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propel** | present · passive | waves of muscular contraction | It |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wave** |  |  | muscular contraction |  |  |  |  | nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is drawn downward by suction from the stomach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e2:o4:1
# text = It is drawn downward by suction from the stomach
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	downward	downward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	suction	suction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | present · passive | suction | It |  | the stomach |  | downward *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from stomach=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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