---
title: It is asserted that chewing gum, once swallowed, persists within the… — Digestion: the journey of a sandwich · tree and pragmatics
description: It is asserted that chewing gum, once swallowed, persists within the stomach for seven years. Select the response consistent with the established facts. Exam question 3 of lesson 67 «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pr
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/e3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Digestion: the journey of a sandwich](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/) / e3

# Exam question 3 · Digestion: the journey of a sandwich

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is asserted that chewing gum, once swallowed, persists within the stomach for seven years. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** assert, swallow, persist, select, establish · **To what, where:** It, response

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 67 «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is asserted that chewing gum, once swallowed, persists within the stomach for seven years.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e3:1
# text = It is asserted that chewing gum, once swallowed, persists within the stomach for seven years.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	asserted	assert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	chewing	chewing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	9	advmod	_	_
9	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	persists	persist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	within	within	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assert** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **swallow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **persist** | present |  |  |  |  |  | within the stomach for seven years | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Select the response consistent with the established facts.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e3:2
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion is false; gum is excreted within a few days

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e3:o1:1
# text = The assertion is false; gum is excreted within a few days
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	excreted	excrete	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
9	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | false *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **excrete** | present · passive |  | gum |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion is true of all varieties of gum

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e3:o2:1
# text = The assertion is true of all varieties of gum
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	varieties	variety	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | of all varieties of gum; true *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion is true where the gum has not been chewed thoroughly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e3:o3:1
# text = The assertion is true where the gum has not been chewed thoroughly
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	chewed	chew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
12	thoroughly	thoroughly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **chew** | present · perfect · passive |  | the gum |  |  |  | thoroughly *property* | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion is true of gum swallowed in childhood

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich:e3:o4:1
# text = The assertion is true of gum swallowed in childhood
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	childhood	childhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | of gum; true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **swallow** | participle |  | gum *not said here* |  | childhood |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Digestion: the journey of a sandwich, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/e2/)
- next →: [Digestion: the journey of a sandwich, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Digestion: the journey of a sandwich](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/)