---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distribution of polar bears and penguins? Exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questi
---

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# Exam question 1 · Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distribution of polar bears and penguins?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, distribute · **To what, where:** distribution, polar bears

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/7-antarctica/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:7-antarctica:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distribution of polar bears and penguins?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distribution	distribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the distribution of polar bears and penguins |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **distribute** |  |  | polar bears and penguins |  |  |  |  | nom distribution «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polar bears are confined to the Arctic, whereas penguins inhabit almost exclusively the southern hemisphere

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:7-antarctica:e1:o1:1
# text = Polar bears are confined to the Arctic, whereas penguins inhabit almost exclusively the southern hemisphere
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | present · passive |  | Polar bears | the Arctic |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to arctic=Destination |
| 2 | **inhabit** | present | penguins | the southern hemisphere |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polar bears and penguins inhabit the same regions of Antarctica

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:7-antarctica:e1:o2:1
# text = Polar bears and penguins inhabit the same regions of Antarctica
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | present | Polar bears and penguins | the same regions of Antarctica |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both species are found principally at the equator

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:7-antarctica:e1:o3:1
# text = Both species are found principally at the equator
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	equator	equator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · passive |  | both species |  | the equator |  | principally *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: subject=Theme at equator=Asset |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penguins are confined to the Arctic, whereas polar bears inhabit Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:7-antarctica:e1:o4:1
# text = Penguins are confined to the Arctic, whereas polar bears inhabit Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Southern	Southern	PROPN	NNP	_	19	flat	_	_
19	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | present · passive |  | Penguins | the Arctic |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to arctic=Destination |
| 2 | **inhabit** | present | polar bears | Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/7-antarctica/t11/)
- next →: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/7-antarctica/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/7-antarctica/)