---
title: Why can a foal stand an hour after birth while a human baby takes ab… — Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, f… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why can a foal stand an hour after birth while a human baby takes about a year to walk? Test 8 of lesson 71 «Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Test 8 · Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why can a foal stand an hour after birth while a human baby takes about a year to walk?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** foal, human baby · **What happens:** stand, take, walk

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 71 «Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/71-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:71-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up:t8:1
# text = Why can a foal stand an hour after birth while a human baby takes about a year to walk?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	foal	foal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
15	about	about	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | can | a foal |  |  |  | after birth; hour |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | present | a human baby |  |  |  | year |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **walk** | to-infinitive | a human baby *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Human legs have no bones until age one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:71-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up:t8:o1:1
# text = Human legs have no bones until age one
1	Human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	until	until	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Human legs | no bones |  |  | until age |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Foals are born already one year old

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:71-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up:t8:o2:1
# text = Foals are born already one year old
1	Foals	foal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | Foals |  |  |  | old *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Human babies are just lazier than foals and would rather be carried about by their parents

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:71-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up:t8:o3:1
# text = Human babies are just lazier than foals and would rather be carried about by their parents
1	Human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	lazier	lazy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	foals	foal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
13	about	about	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Human babies |  |  |  |  | than foals; lazy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | would · passive | babies's parents |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A human baby's brain still has a lot of growing to do and must learn balance

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:71-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up:t8:o4:1
# text = A human baby's brain still has a lot of growing to do and must learn balance
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
17	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a human baby's brain | a lot |  |  | still |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | a lot *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | a lot *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **learn** | must | a human baby's brain *not said here* | balance |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balance=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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