---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine? Exam question 2 of lesson 72 «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/72-staying-healthy/e2/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/72-staying-healthy/) / e2

# Exam question 2 · Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** vaccine · **What happens:** follow, characteris, act · **To what, where:** mode

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 72 «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/72-staying-healthy/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:72-staying-healthy:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the mode of action of a vaccine |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **act** |  | a vaccine |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It forms an impermeable coating over the surface of the blood

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:72-staying-healthy:e2:o1:1
# text = It forms an impermeable coating over the surface of the blood
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	impermeable	impermeable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | It | a impermeable coating |  | the surface of the blood |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coating=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It presents a harmless copy or portion of a germ, such that the immune system retains a memory of it

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:72-staying-healthy:e2:o2:1
# text = It presents a harmless copy or portion of a germ, such that the immune system retains a memory of it
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	presents	present	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	portion	portion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	germ	germ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	17	mark	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	immune	immune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	retains	retain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | present | It | a harmless copy or portion of a germ |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Theme |
| 2 | **retain** | present | the immune system | a memory of memory |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It induces the full disease in a brief and controlled form

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:72-staying-healthy:e2:o3:1
# text = It induces the full disease in a brief and controlled form
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	induces	induce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	brief	brief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **induce** | present | It | the full disease |  | a brief and controlled form |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Patient |
| 2 | **control** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It eliminates all micro-organisms from the body for a period of ten years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:72-staying-healthy:e2:o4:1
# text = It eliminates all micro-organisms from the body for a period of ten years
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eliminates	eliminate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	micro-organisms	micro-organism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eliminate** | present | It | all micro-organisms |  | the body |  | for a period of ten years | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent micro-organism=Theme from body=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/72-staying-healthy/e1/)
- next →: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/72-staying-healthy/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/72-staying-healthy/)