--- title: Why would a sea animal like a whale still breathe air with lungs? — Evolution simply: why living things ch… · tree and pragmatics description: Why would a sea animal like a whale still breathe air with lungs? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 73 «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/t11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Evolution simply: why living things ch…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/) / t11 # Test 11 · ★ · Evolution simply: why living things change over many gener… Why would a sea animal like a whale still breathe air with lungs? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** sea animal · **What happens:** breathe · **To what, where:** air This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 73 «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/73-evolution-simply/#t11). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t11:1 # text = Why would a sea animal like a whale still breathe air with lungs? 1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 advmod _ _ 2 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 6 like like ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 still still ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 ? ? PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **breathe** | present | a sea animal like a whale | air | | | still | with lungs | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Its ancestors were land mammals with lungs ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t11:o1:1 # text = Its ancestors were land mammals with lungs 1 Its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 ancestors ancestor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Its ancestors | land mammals | | | | with lungs | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} Whales are fish that learned to hold their breath ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t11:o2:1 # text = Whales are fish that learned to hold their breath 1 Whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 learned learn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 xcomp _ _ 8 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 breath breath NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Whales | fish | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **learn** | past | fish | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **hold** | to-infinitive | fish *not said here* | Whales's breath | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} Whale gills stopped working in the last century ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t11:o3:1 # text = Whale gills stopped working in the last century 1 Whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 gills gill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 stopped stop VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 working work VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 xcomp _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 century century NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stop** | past | Whale gills | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **work** | gerund | Whale gills *not said here* | | | | century | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 4 {#o4} Lungs are better than gills for drinking sea water ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t11:o4:1 # text = Lungs are better than gills for drinking sea water 1 Lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 4 than than ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 gills gill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 for for SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 7 drinking drink VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 8 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Lungs | | | | | than gills; good *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **drink** | gerund | Lungs *not said here* | sea water | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/t10/) - next →: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/e1/) - ↑ back to [Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/)