---
title: «if I do loads of push-ups my kids'll be born strong, right» What is… — Evolution simply: why living things ch… · tree and pragmatics
description: «if I do loads of push-ups my kids'll be born strong, right» What is right? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 73 «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/t3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Evolution simply: why living things ch…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/) / t3

# Test 3 · ★ · Evolution simply: why living things change over many gener…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«if I do loads of push-ups my kids'll be born strong, right» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** do, bear, be · **To what, where:** loads, kids

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 73 «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/73-evolution-simply/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t3:1
# text = «if I do loads of push-ups my kids'll be born strong, right» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
5	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	kids	kid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	advcl	_	_
15	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
19	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | I | loads of push ups |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Eventuality |
| 2 | **bear** *in a quote* | future · passive |  | my kids |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only push-ups, not running

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t3:o1:1
# text = Yes, but only push-ups, not running
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	push	push	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | imperative | you *not said here* | ups |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent up=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **run** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, children are always weaker than their parents, whatever they do

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t3:o2:1
# text = No, children are always weaker than their parents, whatever they do
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | children |  |  |  |  | than children's parents; always, weak *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | children *= child* | whatever |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Eventuality |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, muscles built in life do not change the genes you pass on

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t3:o3:1
# text = No, muscles built in life do not change the genes you pass on
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	genes	gene	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | participle |  | muscles *not said here* |  |  |  | in life | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in life=Attribute |
| 2 | **not** **change** | present · do-support | muscles | the genes |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gene=Patient |
| 3 | **pass on** | present | you | the genes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gene=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, every bit of exercise you do is passed on to your children

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:73-evolution-simply:t3:o4:1
# text = Yes, every bit of exercise you do is passed on to your children
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	10	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | you | exercise *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exercise=Eventuality |
| 2 | **pass on** | present · passive |  | every bit of exercise | your children |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to child=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/t2/)
- next →: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/t4/)
- ↑ back to [Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/73-evolution-simply/)