---
title: «saw in a film you can clone dinos from a mosquito in amber, so when… — Fossils: how we know about life long ago · tree and pragmatics
description: «saw in a film you can clone dinos from a mosquito in amber, so when's the zoo opening» What is right? Test 1 of lesson 74 «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Test 1 · Fossils: how we know about life long ago

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«saw in a film you can clone dinos from a mosquito in amber, so when's the zoo opening» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, zoo · **What happens:** see, clone, open, be · **To what, where:** film, dinos · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 74 «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t1:1
# text = «saw in a film you can clone dinos from a mosquito in amber, so when's the zoo opening» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	clone	clone	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	dinos	dino	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	amber	amber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	opening	open	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	25	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  | a film |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **clone** *in a quote* | can | you | dinos |  |  |  | from a mosquito in amber | tree rules |
| 3 | **open** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the zoo |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only the small dinosaurs can be cloned, not the giants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t1:o1:1
# text = Yes, but only the small dinosaurs can be cloned, not the giants
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	10	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	cloned	clone	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	giants	giant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clone** | can · passive |  | the small dinosaurs |  |  |  | the giants *obl* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never, DNA breaks down far too fast to last 66 million years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t1:o2:1
# text = Never, DNA breaks down far too fast to last 66 million years
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	last	last	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	66	66	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	compound	_	_
12	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **break down** | present | DNA |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **last** | to-infinitive | DNA *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, any amber older than a year has dinosaur blood

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t1:o3:1
# text = Yes, any amber older than a year has dinosaur blood
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	amber	amber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a year | dinosaur blood |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soon, scientists already cloned one in 2010

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t1:o4:1
# text = Soon, scientists already cloned one in 2010
1	Soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cloned	clone	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	2010	2010	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clone** | past | scientists | one |  | 2010 |  | soon *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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