---
title: «just gonna climb up the cliff, best fossils are up top» What is the… — Fossils: how we know about life long ago · tree and pragmatics
description: «just gonna climb up the cliff, best fossils are up top» What is the best answer? Test 4 of lesson 74 «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · Fossils: how we know about life long ago

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«just gonna climb up the cliff, best fossils are up top» What is the best answer?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, best fossils, best answer · **What happens:** climb up, be · **To what, where:** cliff, up top

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 74 «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t4:1
# text = «just gonna climb up the cliff, best fossils are up top» What is the best answer?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	gonna	gonna	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	4	dep	_	_
4	climb	climb	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	up	up	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	nmod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	19	amod	_	_
19	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb up** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | the cliff |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location cliff=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | best fossils | up top |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the best answer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fine, as long as the tide is in

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t4:o1:1
# text = Fine, as long as the tide is in
1	Fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	as	as	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fine, just dig into the cliff bottom with a spade instead, it's quicker

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t4:o2:1
# text = Fine, just dig into the cliff bottom with a spade instead, it's quicker
1	Fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	dig	dig	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	spade	spade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	quicker	quick	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the cliff bottom |  | with a spade; instead *property* | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with spade=Instrument |
| 2 | **is** | present | spade |  |  |  |  | quick *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, rockfalls happen there; search the beach away from the cliff

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t4:o3:1
# text = No, rockfalls happen there; search the beach away from the cliff
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	rockfalls	rockfall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	happen	happen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	search	search	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | rockfalls |  |  | there |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **search away** | infinitive | rockfalls *not said here* | the beach |  | the cliff |  | away *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent beach=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fine, cliffs are solid rock and never fall

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:74-fossils-life-long-ago:t4:o4:1
# text = Fine, cliffs are solid rock and never fall
1	Fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fine cliffs | solid rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **fall** | infinitive | Fine cliffs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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