---
title: Identify the evidence adduced by Luis and Walter Alvarez in the year… — The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the evidence adduced by Luis and Walter Alvarez in the year 1980 in support of an asteroid impact. Exam question 1 of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Exam question 1 · The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the evidence adduced by Luis and Walter Alvarez in the year 1980 in support of an asteroid impact.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, adduce, support · **To what, where:** evidence, asteroid impact

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:e1:1
# text = Identify the evidence adduced by Luis and Walter Alvarez in the year 1980 in support of an asteroid impact.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	adduced	adduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Luis	Luis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	Walter	Walter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Alvarez	Alvarez	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	1980	1980	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	flat	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	impact	impact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the evidence |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme |
| 2 | **adduce** | participle |  | the evidence *not said here* |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **support** |  |  | a asteroid impact |  |  |  |  | nom support «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trackways of dinosaurs leading away from Mexico

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:e1:o1:1
# text = Trackways of dinosaurs leading away from Mexico
1	Trackways	trackway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead away** | gerund | dinosaurs *not said here* |  |  | Mexico |  | away *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent from mexico=Destination |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A worldwide stratum of clay enriched in iridium, an element abundant in asteroids

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:e1:o2:1
# text = A worldwide stratum of clay enriched in iridium, an element abundant in asteroids
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	worldwide	worldwide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stratum	stratum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	enriched	enrich	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	iridium	iridium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
12	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	asteroids	asteroid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enrich** | participle |  | clay *not said here* |  | iridium |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fragment of the asteroid embedded within a dinosaur skull

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:e1:o3:1
# text = A fragment of the asteroid embedded within a dinosaur skull
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fragment	fragment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	embedded	embed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	within	within	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **embed** | past | a fragment of the asteroid |  |  |  |  | within a dinosaur skull | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A layer of ice of worldwide extent containing great quantities of meteoric dust

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:e1:o4:1
# text = A layer of ice of worldwide extent containing great quantities of meteoric dust
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	worldwide	worldwide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	extent	extent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	containing	contain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	meteoric	meteoric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | gerund | worldwide extent *not said here* | great quantities of meteoric dust |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quantity=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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