---
title: «dinos are extinct, so birds can't be dinosaurs, duh» What is right? — The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as… · tree and pragmatics
description: «dinos are extinct, so birds can't be dinosaurs, duh» What is right? Test 1 · ★★ of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · ★★ · The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«dinos are extinct, so birds can't be dinosaurs, duh» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** dinos, birds · **What happens:** be, not be · **To what, where:** dinosaurs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t1:1
# text = «dinos are extinct, so birds can't be dinosaurs, duh» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	dinos	dino	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
8	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	duh	duh	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
15	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | dinos |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is a** *in a quote* | can | birds | dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds came from bats after the dinosaurs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t1:o1:1
# text = Birds came from bats after the dinosaurs
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Birds |  |  | bats | after the dinosaurs |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bat=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds have always existed and never changed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t1:o2:1
# text = Birds have always existed and never changed
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	existed	exist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present · perfect | Birds |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **change** | participle | Birds *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds came from pterosaurs, not from dinosaurs, so they are flying reptiles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t1:o3:1
# text = Birds came from pterosaurs, not from dinosaurs, so they are flying reptiles
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pterosaurs	pterosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Birds | flying reptiles |  | pterosaurs and dinosaurs |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location reptile=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | present · progressive | Birds *= bird* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds evolved from feathered theropods, so they are surviving dinosaurs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t1:o4:1
# text = Birds evolved from feathered theropods, so they are surviving dinosaurs
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	evolved	evolve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	feathered	feathered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	theropods	theropod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	surviving	survive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **evolve** | past | Birds |  |  |  |  | from feathered theropods | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from theropod=Patient |
| 2 | **survive** | present · progressive | Birds *= bird* | dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dinosaur=Circumstance |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they l…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/e4/)
- next →: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/t2/)
- ↑ back to [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/)