---
title: Why could two disasters together, an asteroid and the volcanoes, be… — The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why could two disasters together, an asteroid and the volcanoes, be worse than one? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Test 11 · ★★ · The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why could two disasters together, an asteroid and the volcanoes, be worse than one?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** asteroid · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 76 «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t11:1
# text = Why could two disasters together, an asteroid and the volcanoes, be worse than one?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	0	root	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	disasters	disaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nsubj	_	_
5	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | a asteroid and the volcanoes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | than one; bad *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volcanoes cooled down the asteroid crater

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t11:o1:1
# text = Volcanoes cooled down the asteroid crater
1	Volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	cooled	cool	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool down** | participle | Volcanoes *not said here* | the asteroid crater |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent crater=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ash from the volcanoes blocked the asteroid, but then made the whole world freeze

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t11:o2:1
# text = The ash from the volcanoes blocked the asteroid, but then made the whole world freeze
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	blocked	block	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	freeze	freeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | past | the ash from the volcanoes | the asteroid |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer asteroid=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | the ash from the volcanoes *not said here* | the whole world freeze |  |  | then |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset freeze=Product |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two disasters cancel each other out

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t11:o3:1
# text = Two disasters cancel each other out
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	disasters	disaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cancel	cancel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	3	obj	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	fixed	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cancel out** | present | Two disasters | each |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Life already weakened by one had less chance to survive the other

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds:t11:o4:1
# text = Life already weakened by one had less chance to survive the other
1	Life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	already	already	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	weakened	weaken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	survive	survive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weaken** | participle |  | Life *not said here* |  |  |  | by one | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | past | Life | less chance |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chance=Patient |
| 3 | **survive** | to-infinitive | Life *not said here* | the other |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme other=Circumstance |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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