---
title: Why are animals on islands often in more danger than those on big co… — Endangered animals and extinction · tree and pragmatics
description: Why are animals on islands often in more danger than those on big continents? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 77 «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Endangered animals and extinction

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why are animals on islands often in more danger than those on big continents?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** animals · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** more danger

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This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 77 «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:77-endangered-animals-and-extinction:t11:1
# text = Why are animals on islands often in more danger than those on big continents?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	nmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | animals on islands |  |  | more danger |  | than those; often *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Island animals are slower thinkers than animals on the big continents and cannot learn

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:77-endangered-animals-and-extinction:t11:o1:1
# text = Island animals are slower thinkers than animals on the big continents and cannot learn
1	Island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	slower	slow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	thinkers	thinker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Island animals | slower thinkers |  |  |  | than animals on the big continents | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **learn** | can | Island animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Islands sink into the sea every year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:77-endangered-animals-and-extinction:t11:o2:1
# text = Islands sink into the sea every year
1	Islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sink	sink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present | Islands |  |  | the sea | year |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Islands are always too hot

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:77-endangered-animals-and-extinction:t11:o3:1
# text = Islands are always too hot
1	Islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Islands |  |  |  |  | always, hot *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They live in a small area and often have no defence against new animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:77-endangered-animals-and-extinction:t11:o4:1
# text = They live in a small area and often have no defence against new animals
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | They |  |  | a small area |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in area=Location |
| 2 | **have** | present | They *not said here* | no defence |  |  |  | against new animals; often *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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